Background & Purpose lack of appropriate controls and lack of centralized access plans have resulted in countless migrations and consequently the creation of a series of anomalies and vulnerabilities followed by the necessity of paying more attention to passive defense issues to reduce vulnerability, facilitate crisis management, continuous services continuity, defense deterrence and increase in urban stability. Therefore, in this study, we identify and explain the Effective factors on civil defense doctrine in Mashhad metropolis. metropolis Methodology the present study is applied in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature and practice of implementation, descriptive-correlation research. The research population consisted of all experts and experts of the military and civil administration in large metropolitan areas using a purposeful sampling method, 45 were selected as sample subjects data collection instrument consisted of standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed Findings based on data analysis, resilience, site allocation and site selection, safety and strengthening of city planning were Effective factors on civil defense doctrine in mashhad city. Assessment of the principles of civil defense doctrine of Mashhad city of Mashhad showed that resilience with mean 3. 85, locating and site site selection with mean and safe mean and strengthening with mean 3. 74 and urban spatial planning had the highest mean. Conclusion the lack of respect and consideration of other passive defense considerations in the development and development of the physical space of Mashhad, in addition to the danger, leads to an inevitable damage.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and identify the components and factors affecting the inattention and diminishing of adolescents' faith in the doctrine of resurrection so that in the shadow of it, the sponsored institutions of education can recognize the debilitating factors and Take action to eliminate it in order to strengthen the faith and attention of adolescents to the doctrine of resurrection and benefit from its effects. Method: The statistical population of this study was all students of Razan city of Sardrood region, 234 of whom were selected as the sample size. The virtual distribution method of individual questionnaire was used to collect data.The analysis of this study was performed using SPSS software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Results: Studies showed that factors such as discourse situation modern discourse, ideological teachings, theologians, structural conditions,modern structure, and atmosphere have the greatest effect on adolescents' disregard and diminished faith in the resurrection, but regarding the teachings.Religion, custodians of religion, individual characteristics (gender) no significant effect was observed. Conclusion:In the light of such research, decision-making and decision-making institutions of education can benefit from home, school, seminary and university and strengthen faith in the doctrine of resurrection in adolescents.

The doctrine elines provide for all armed forces, common covenants, common goals, common plans, common values and common standards, thereby increasing the Effectiveness of the forces and the unity among them. What this research sought from the beginning was to explain the principles of the Strategic Military-Security Guide of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in a scientific and methodical manner.What this research sought from the beginning was to explain the principles of the Strategic Military-Security Guide of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in a scientific and methodical manner.آنچه این تحقیق از ابتدا به دنبال آن بود ، توضیح اصول راهنمای راهبردی-امنیتی نظامی نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران به شیوه ای علمی و روشمند بود.What this study we sought to explain the principles of military strategic security doctrine scientific and methodical as the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.در این مقاله ما به دنبال تبیین اصول دکترین امنیت استراتژیک نظامی به صورت علمی و روشمند به عنوان نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران بودیم.«نتایج کامل» بار نشدامتحان مجدددرحال تلاش مجدد…درحال تلاش مجدد… For this purpose, in the research literature, by collecting information by library and field methods, semantics, theoretical foundations and collecting the content of Effective factors in compiling the strategic-military guideline of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran were discussed. Then, the collected data obtained from completing the questionnaire and distribution among experts were tested through statistical software and 13 principles were determined and explained as the principles of the Strategic Military-Security doctrine of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Then, the collected data obtained from completing the questionnaire and distribution among experts were tested through statistical software and 13 principles were determined and explained as the principles of the Strategic Military-Security Guide of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran.سپس داده های جمع آوری شده از تکمیل پرسشنامه و توزیع بین متخصصان از طریق نرم افزار آماری مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و 13 اصل تعیین و به عنوان اصول راهنمای راهبردی-امنیتی نظامی نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران توضیح داده شد.The collected data from questionnaires distributed among experts through statistical software were tested and 13 principles as principles of military strategic doctrine - Islamic Republic of Iran's armed forces and security were defined.داده های جمع آوری شده از پرسشنامه های توزیع شده بین متخصصان از طریق نرم افزار آماری مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و 13 اصل به عنوان اصول دکترین استراتژیک نظامی - نیروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ایران و امنیت تعریف شد.

Today, the formulation of a military doctrine is one of the most important responsibilities of the armed forces of the countries of the world, in which most countries of the world, regardless of their size, have taken steps to formulate the military doctrine of the respective country. The Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to guide and support its armed forces on the scene of war, and in general, need to develop a military doctrine to guide and guide how the armed forces will fight in leading battles. Effective, up-to-date, Effective military doctrine is one of the key factors for getting defense preparedness and success for the armed forces in the face of any possible war. One of the steps in developing a military doctrine is to consider the principles and factors that influence the formation and formulation of a doctrine.In a comparative study, it has also been determined that other countries have considered some of the issues as the basis for and Effective factors in the formulation of the guidelines or are considered as inputs to the peer review. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to "Explain the foundations and Effective factors in formulating the military doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran".The type of research is of application-development type. The research approach in this cross-sectional research (quantitative and qualitative), and the case-based research method, as well as correlation between variables, have been used. The results of the research show that the Effective principles in formulating the military doctrine of Islamic Republic of Iran (school, national and organizational) are: Islamic Defense Thought, Defensive Thought, Revolution Imam, Idea, National Goals and Resources, Defense-Defense Strategies, Major Defensive-Security Policies, National Strategies and Laws (Constitution, Current Rules of the Armed Forces),The factors influencing the formulation of the military strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (organizational, sub-institutional) include: Environmental factors, technology level, imagination of the nature of future wars, geopolitical, geopolitical and geostrategic features of the country, national mobilization capability, military objectives, military experiences, existing military strategy, defense capabilities and abilities of the country.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are Effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile Effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the Effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as Effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are Effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Military doctrine includes a set of principal and fundamental theories and thoughts based on scientific and experimental reasoning upon which we could analyze the national and international environment considering our own capabilities and national interests, military threat, regional and global developments, relative military power and other security implications. Meanwhile, this paper, which is applied, is conducted upon case-based method, and it mainly seeks to account for martyr Soleimani’s jihadi doctrine against the U.S. military doctrine in the Middle East with a fifty-person population. Following, it gathers data on desk and in the field which revealed that the U.S. military doctrine is beyond military tension and in the recent U.S. version, there is distinction between military threat and act, and the threat has been expanded while military activities have substantially reduced. The UAS has implement 7 types of military doctrine in the Middle East the four ones of which have completely failed and the three others have failed to reach success; in fact, the Soleimani’s jihadi doctrine which was rooted in religion, the IRI’s military doctrine and the jihadi thought of Islamic Revolutionary Imams defeated the American hegemony and power in the region. Martyr Soleimani is the founder of strike-based defensive doctrine and the shoot-at-will deterrence doctrine. “Borderless soldier” strategy means a multinational jihadi force which extends defense on borders. General Soleimani established local networks out of native forces to defend friendly countries with a low cost; admittedly, his measure could be considered a hyper-advanced, smart and strategic military masterpiece.

Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

The Exhaustion doctrine refers to one of the limits of intellectual property rights. Once a product protected of IP right has been marketed either by the IP right owner or by others whit her consent, the IP right owner cannot prohibit the further commercialization (like the resale) of that product. Thus, a critical element in determining that the owner of an IP right has exhausted her/his rights is her/his consent to the product on the market. The above doctrine have different implications depending on whether the country of importation , for reasons of Law or policy , applies the concept of national, regional or international exhaustion. This doctrine is unanimously recognized at a national level. However, the exhaustion of rights remains a matter of each individual jurisdiction.